融凝冰柱 阿瓜內(nèi)格拉山口上的融凝冰柱 如果把這些冰凍形成的冰命名得更直白一些，我們可能會(huì)把它們簡(jiǎn)單地稱(chēng)為“融凝冰柱”。但安第斯山脈，包括這條從智利阿塔卡馬沙漠(Atacama Desert)上升起的山口，都被富有詩(shī)意的西班牙探險(xiǎn)者繪制在了地圖上。他們把這樣的石陣比作無(wú)數(shù)面朝太陽(yáng)、跪在地上的雕像，就像虔誠(chéng)的教區(qū)居民在做彌撒時(shí)跪在地上一樣:因此這種堆積著積雪的尖頂石通常被稱(chēng)為“懺悔者”。也許最引人注目的“奔騰巖”出現(xiàn)在安第斯山脈干燥的地區(qū)，但它們可以在任何地方形成，只要陽(yáng)光照射到雪，使雪蒸發(fā)的速度快于雪融化成水的速度。因?yàn)檠┑谋砻娌⒉皇峭昝赖木鶆虻?，一些積雪比另一些更快地變成水蒸氣，形成凹坑，進(jìn)一步反射陽(yáng)光到自己身上。這加速了坑內(nèi)的汽化，坑內(nèi)的積雪常常會(huì)一直加深到裸露的地面，中間未融化的積雪則立著(或跪著)作為懺悔者。

原文:

If these frozen formations were named by more literal minds, we might know them as simply 'reverse icicles.' But the Andes, including this mountain pass rising above Chile's Atacama Desert, were mapped by poetically inclined Spanish explorers. They likened formations like these to countless kneeling figures reverently facing the sun, as a congregation of penitent parishioners kneeling at mass: hence the common name 'penitentes' for such packed-snow pinnacles.Maybe the most dramatic pentitentes appear in dry sections of the Andes, but they can form anywhere the sun beats down on snow enough to vaporize it faster than it can melt into water. Since snow isn't a perfectly even surface, some patches of the snowpack turn to vapor faster than others, creating pits that further reflect sunlight upon themselves. This speeds vaporization within the pits, deepening them often all the way to bare earth, with unmelted portions of snow in between left standing (or kneeling) as penitentes.

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